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- VIDEO, Page 98TV News Goes HollywoodRe-enactments are turning journalists into moviemakersBy Richard Zoglin
-
-
- The time is the late 1940s, the place Montgomery. James Earl
- Jones, portraying civil rights pioneer Vernon Johns, walks into an
- all-white diner, plops himself onto a stool and orders lunch. When
- the proprietor scornfully pours a Coke all over the counter, Jones
- erupts. "There's something inside of me," he growls, grabbing the
- man by the lapels, "that doesn't like to be pushed around!"
-
- It is perhaps the archetypal scene of the early civil rights
- struggle. Yet this particular restaging of it was a breakthrough
- for a quite different reason. It appeared not in a TV movie or a
- PBS docudrama but on a network news show.
-
- Dramatized "re-creations" of real-life events are suddenly
- everywhere. Tabloid shows like A Current Affair, Fox's America's
- Most Wanted and NBC's Unsolved Mysteries use them to re-enact just
- about everything from grisly murders to purported UFO sightings.
- Now the technique has entered a region some thought sacrosanct. It
- is the centerpiece of two network prime-time news shows: NBC's
- Yesterday, Today and Tomorrow (which drew good ratings in three
- outings in late summer and will return for three more this season)
- and the just-introduced Saturday Night with Connie Chung, on which
- Jones appeared.
-
- As the real and only-looks-like-real are mixed with abandon,
- a viewer can get disoriented. Newscasters like Connie Chung and
- Mary Alice Williams introduce Hollywood-style mini-dramas one day,
- news stories from Warsaw and Capitol Hill the next. Real-life
- victims of brutal crimes return to the scene to act them out for
- the TV cameras. At least one actor from America's Most Wanted was
- turned in to authorities by a concerned viewer -- who mistook him
- for the fugitive he played in a re-enactment.
-
- The confusion is shared by TV journalists, who are trying to
- locate their ethical bearings in this brave new world. At one
- extreme are the traditionalists, who insist that a staged scene of
- any kind is inappropriate on a news program, which depends for its
- credibility on presenting the truth and nothing but. On the other
- side are a new generation of TV news producers, under pressure from
- network bosses to come up with programs that will draw
- prime-time-size audiences. Re-enactments, the proponents argue, if
- carefully used and clearly labeled, can help impart information and
- expand the kinds of stories TV news can do.
-
- Not all re-creations, of course, are created equal. ABC's World
- News Tonight last July aired a dramatization of alleged spy Felix
- Bloch passing a briefcase to a Soviet agent. The scene, visually
- enhanced to look like the real thing but inadvertently not labeled
- a simulation, was a mistake because it was misleading: it made an
- event that is alleged to have taken place appear to be a recorded
- fact. ABC apologized for not identifying the scene properly, and
- network newscasts have since steered clear of simulations.
-
- Re-creations are less likely to cause confusion the further
- one gets from hard news -- and from the present day. The old CBS
- News series You Are There used actors to dramatize historical
- events and did no permanent harm to the Republic. CBS's new series
- Rescue 911, which features re-enactments of hairbreadth rescue
- missions, is quite entertaining and probably harmless. In general,
- however, the technique's proliferation is fudging the line between
- news and entertainment, and news is the loser.
-
- The two new network magazine shows highlight the problem. Both
- are treading gingerly with their re-creations. At the opening of
- Yesterday, Today and Tomorrow, a correspondent notes, "When
- re-creations are used, we have carefully documented every important
- detail and have clearly identified the re-creations." The producers
- of Saturday Night with Connie Chung point out that their
- re-enactments must adhere to strict CBS News standards -- which
- means that all dialogue is taken from documented sources.
-
- Yet the shows are troubling. Yesterday, Today and Tomorrow is
- both journalistically superfluous (the gimmick seems to be to
- repeat the words yesterday, today and tomorrow in each story as
- often as possible) and dramatically clumsy. A re-creation of the
- near crash of an American Airlines DC-10 in 1972 featured the
- original pilot and one flight attendant (now 17 years older)
- playing themselves, not very convincingly. Another story recounted
- the ordeal of a woman, nearly paralyzed with cystic fibrosis, who
- spent 16 years neglected in a mental institution. The piece was
- light on facts and heavy on sensationalism: the asylum scenes
- looked like outtakes from The Snake Pit.
-
- Saturday Night with Connie Chung is at least less tacky. Its
- story on civil rights leader Johns glided smoothly between
- interviews with real-life colleagues and re-enacted scenes from his
- life. Forthcoming episodes will use re-creations to focus on such
- issues as AIDS, abortion and capital punishment. Chung has asserted
- that her show's re-creations stand apart from those on other
- programs. "Ours," she says, "will be of motion-picture quality."
-
- Which is just the problem. The scenes with James Earl Jones
- were not just of motion-picture quality; they were virtually
- indistinguishable from a motion picture. TV news producers may well
- be capable of making docudramas as good as or better than
- Hollywood's; the question is whether they should. Journalists are
- in the business of conveying reality; re-enactments convert reality
- into something else -- something neater, more palatable, more
- conventionally "dramatic." Mental institutions are filled with
- raving loonies; murderers move in grainy, horrific slow motion;
- civil rights leaders look like James Earl Jones. There was no
- better drama on TV last week than the joint appearance on ABC's
- Nightline of Dr. Elizabeth Morgan and the ex-husband she has
- accused of molesting their daughter. No re-creation could possibly
- capture that. Let's hope no journalist tries.